Today there are more than one hundred castles extant, or partially extant, in Japan it is estimated that once there were five thousand. However, many were rebuilt, either later in the Sengoku period, in the Edo period (1603–1867) that followed, or more recently, as national heritage sites or museums. This was especially true during the Sengoku period (1467–1603), when many of these castles were first built. Though they were built to last and used more stone in their construction than most Japanese buildings, castles were still constructed primarily of wood, and many were destroyed over the years.
Castles in Japan were built to guard important or strategic sites, such as ports, river crossings, or crossroads, and almost always incorporated the landscape into their defenses. They evolved from the wooden stockades of earlier centuries, and came into their best-known form in the 16th century. Japanese castles ( 城, shiro or jō) are fortresses constructed primarily of wood and stone. Fortresses constructed primarily by stone or wood in earlier Japanese history Himeji Castle, a World Heritage Site in Hyōgo Prefecture, is the most visited castle in Japan.
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